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	<title>Comments on: Cheap Contest Series?</title>
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	<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/</link>
	<description>Random Musings from the Warped Minds of Jonathan Goff, Ken Murphy, John Hare, and Kirk Sorensen</description>
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		<title>By: Bob Steinke</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5923</link>
		<dc:creator>Bob Steinke</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 19:40:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5923</guid>
		<description>130 is what the engine would reach with optimum expansion at that flow rate so the maximum improvement that&#039;s theoretically possible is to go from 60 to 130.  But we probably won&#039;t get that much improvement.  It might not be stable if we get that close to the throat unchoking, or maybe the plume will separate all by itself at that low pressure.  I meant that we might get half of the improvement, +35 instead of +70.  35 pounds difference should be measureable.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>130 is what the engine would reach with optimum expansion at that flow rate so the maximum improvement that&#8217;s theoretically possible is to go from 60 to 130.  But we probably won&#8217;t get that much improvement.  It might not be stable if we get that close to the throat unchoking, or maybe the plume will separate all by itself at that low pressure.  I meant that we might get half of the improvement, +35 instead of +70.  35 pounds difference should be measureable.</p>
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		<title>By: john hare</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5920</link>
		<dc:creator>john hare</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 11:13:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5920</guid>
		<description>I am not sure if I am on the same page. Half of the difference between 60 and 130 lbf, or half the difference between 60 lbf and what the engine would reach with a optimum expansion at that flow rate? I am thinking that this concept, if it works, will gain between 5 and 15% when compensating for moderately overexpanded nozzles. If that is about right, then you may be looking for 5-10 lbs difference at the low flow rates of the 60 lbf run.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am not sure if I am on the same page. Half of the difference between 60 and 130 lbf, or half the difference between 60 lbf and what the engine would reach with a optimum expansion at that flow rate? I am thinking that this concept, if it works, will gain between 5 and 15% when compensating for moderately overexpanded nozzles. If that is about right, then you may be looking for 5-10 lbs difference at the low flow rates of the 60 lbf run.</p>
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		<title>By: Bob Steinke</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5912</link>
		<dc:creator>Bob Steinke</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 13:11:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5912</guid>
		<description>John,

If the prize were $500 for a static test I would try for it with the current Laramie Rose monopropellant engine.  I calculated that if we turn down the chamber pressure until the throat is just barely choked then we would see 60 lbf with the current nozzle, and 130 lbf with a properly expanded nozzle.  Even if the actual difference is only half that it should be measurable.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>John,</p>
<p>If the prize were $500 for a static test I would try for it with the current Laramie Rose monopropellant engine.  I calculated that if we turn down the chamber pressure until the throat is just barely choked then we would see 60 lbf with the current nozzle, and 130 lbf with a properly expanded nozzle.  Even if the actual difference is only half that it should be measurable.</p>
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		<title>By: john hare</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5891</link>
		<dc:creator>john hare</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 00:25:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5891</guid>
		<description>As per Tim&#039;s suggestion, I&#039;ve put up a hundred for the first to do a CFD of the concept to confirm or bust it. While I think that is a totally inadequate sum for the work I think is involved, it&#039;s all I can see putting up for something that would have to be confirmed with hot fire anyway. If you like CFD as much as I like thinking around corners though....

The purpose of the boot is to persuade the exhaust to detach from one side in a very smooth predictable manner. Normal overexpanded nozzles can suffer from irregular separations that are potentially damaging. It is not the goal to entrain the air, just have it push the exhaust against one expansion wall in an altitude scheduled manner, exactly like a linear aerospike in operation. The air just has to take a detour on the way.

When there is no separation, overexpansion costs thrust on the ground when you really need it. If we can get a 5% thrust increase, payload benefits can be a multiple of that percentage.

I finally worked out a means of demonstrating the concept with compressed air. Hopefully in a week or so I will be able to test and then youtube a dynamic demonstration. (in the sense that it will be moving) The yarn tuft methods of aircraft should provide a good indication of the nozzle operation. If that part goes well, then an instrumented hot fire contest is in order with a few bucks to make it interesting</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As per Tim&#8217;s suggestion, I&#8217;ve put up a hundred for the first to do a CFD of the concept to confirm or bust it. While I think that is a totally inadequate sum for the work I think is involved, it&#8217;s all I can see putting up for something that would have to be confirmed with hot fire anyway. If you like CFD as much as I like thinking around corners though&#8230;.</p>
<p>The purpose of the boot is to persuade the exhaust to detach from one side in a very smooth predictable manner. Normal overexpanded nozzles can suffer from irregular separations that are potentially damaging. It is not the goal to entrain the air, just have it push the exhaust against one expansion wall in an altitude scheduled manner, exactly like a linear aerospike in operation. The air just has to take a detour on the way.</p>
<p>When there is no separation, overexpansion costs thrust on the ground when you really need it. If we can get a 5% thrust increase, payload benefits can be a multiple of that percentage.</p>
<p>I finally worked out a means of demonstrating the concept with compressed air. Hopefully in a week or so I will be able to test and then youtube a dynamic demonstration. (in the sense that it will be moving) The yarn tuft methods of aircraft should provide a good indication of the nozzle operation. If that part goes well, then an instrumented hot fire contest is in order with a few bucks to make it interesting</p>
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		<title>By: Eric Collins</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5882</link>
		<dc:creator>Eric Collins</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2009 11:21:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5882</guid>
		<description>If the purpose of the boot is to encourage the flow of ambient air into the low pressure region of the nozzle, then at static conditions, there should be very little improvement over air just being sucked back in past the edge of the nozzle.  Even with the ambient air moving past the nozzle at subsonic speeds, the best you might be able to do is move the separation point for the ambient air a little bit further towards the inside of the nozzle.  At worst, the blunt surface might allow the separation point to oscillate, which would lead to vortex shedding.

Looking back at your original article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://selenianboondocks.com/2008/10/notchbell-and-the-boot-compensators/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Notchbell and the Boot Compensators&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, it seems that you are trying to actively force ambient air into the nozzle in a direction which is against the exhaust gasses.  While you might succeed in slightly increasing the pressure along one side of the nozzle, you could possibly be introducing more instabilities into the flow where the two streams meet.  Not only that, but in redirecting the ambient air, you are effectively reversing its momentum just to push it into a nozzle where the exhaust gasses will have to turn it around again.  It seems to me that you will be suffering losses at both turns.  Is the increase in performance really going to be enough to offset the increase in drag that would result from redirecting the ambient air against the direction it naturally wants to flow?

It would appear to me that the thrust augmented nozzle concept is probably one of the best ways to mitigate the low pressure regions in the over expanded nozzle.  At least in that case, the gasses introduced into the nozzle are heading in the right direction and are adding energy and momentum to the exhaust rather than contributing further to aerodynamic losses.

I also remember now that several rocket engines, which I&#039;ve seen on display, have the exhaust from their turbo-pumps redirected into their nozzles.  In light of this discussion, I can begin to see some additional advantages that might be obtained from this.

Of course this is mostly speculation on my part.  I should stop doing CFD in my head and actually do a few runs to see what would really happen.  I&#039;ll let you know if I ever get &quot;a round tuit&quot;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If the purpose of the boot is to encourage the flow of ambient air into the low pressure region of the nozzle, then at static conditions, there should be very little improvement over air just being sucked back in past the edge of the nozzle.  Even with the ambient air moving past the nozzle at subsonic speeds, the best you might be able to do is move the separation point for the ambient air a little bit further towards the inside of the nozzle.  At worst, the blunt surface might allow the separation point to oscillate, which would lead to vortex shedding.</p>
<p>Looking back at your original article on <a href="http://selenianboondocks.com/2008/10/notchbell-and-the-boot-compensators/" rel="nofollow">&#8220;Notchbell and the Boot Compensators&#8221;</a>, it seems that you are trying to actively force ambient air into the nozzle in a direction which is against the exhaust gasses.  While you might succeed in slightly increasing the pressure along one side of the nozzle, you could possibly be introducing more instabilities into the flow where the two streams meet.  Not only that, but in redirecting the ambient air, you are effectively reversing its momentum just to push it into a nozzle where the exhaust gasses will have to turn it around again.  It seems to me that you will be suffering losses at both turns.  Is the increase in performance really going to be enough to offset the increase in drag that would result from redirecting the ambient air against the direction it naturally wants to flow?</p>
<p>It would appear to me that the thrust augmented nozzle concept is probably one of the best ways to mitigate the low pressure regions in the over expanded nozzle.  At least in that case, the gasses introduced into the nozzle are heading in the right direction and are adding energy and momentum to the exhaust rather than contributing further to aerodynamic losses.</p>
<p>I also remember now that several rocket engines, which I&#8217;ve seen on display, have the exhaust from their turbo-pumps redirected into their nozzles.  In light of this discussion, I can begin to see some additional advantages that might be obtained from this.</p>
<p>Of course this is mostly speculation on my part.  I should stop doing CFD in my head and actually do a few runs to see what would really happen.  I&#8217;ll let you know if I ever get &#8220;a round tuit&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>By: john hare</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5849</link>
		<dc:creator>john hare</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 23:49:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5849</guid>
		<description>The concept is that the normal crisp edges on the nozzle exit discourage separation of the flow until quite low pressures are reached through overexpansion. The smooth aerodynamic shape on half the exit allows air to flow into the nozzle up to ambient pressure. If it works, it will allow air pressure on one side of the flow to optimize true exit pressure up to optimum expansion ratio in the same manner as an aerospike. The rounded aerodynamic  section will need to be dropped then to get crisp separation of the flow at higher altitudes.

I think if anyone was really interested I could think of a few thesis subjects. From where I sit, it is hard to picture the difficulty of finding interesting problems. If a very few bucks would move things along, it would be interesting to work something out.

There may be a credential problem in me making the thesis suggestions though, I don&#039;t have any. I might be the only one here  that actually did drop out of elementary school.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The concept is that the normal crisp edges on the nozzle exit discourage separation of the flow until quite low pressures are reached through overexpansion. The smooth aerodynamic shape on half the exit allows air to flow into the nozzle up to ambient pressure. If it works, it will allow air pressure on one side of the flow to optimize true exit pressure up to optimum expansion ratio in the same manner as an aerospike. The rounded aerodynamic  section will need to be dropped then to get crisp separation of the flow at higher altitudes.</p>
<p>I think if anyone was really interested I could think of a few thesis subjects. From where I sit, it is hard to picture the difficulty of finding interesting problems. If a very few bucks would move things along, it would be interesting to work something out.</p>
<p>There may be a credential problem in me making the thesis suggestions though, I don&#8217;t have any. I might be the only one here  that actually did drop out of elementary school.</p>
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		<title>By: Habitat Hermit</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5838</link>
		<dc:creator>Habitat Hermit</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 10:26:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5838</guid>
		<description>My misunderstanding there. Just to be sure I&#039;ve understood the concept is it aiming to stabilize the flow separation &quot;pattern&quot; inside the nozzle? I.e. limit the underpressure to one specific part of the nozzle thus establishing a region where inflow can mitigate the underpressure more easily? In a way related to the idea behind things like vortex generators only for the inside of a nozzle (but doing so from the outside)?

I don&#039;t know what a sponsored study would cost but I think a modest amount of funds could be useful and welcome as an additional incentive if the hardware costs aren&#039;t too high. Jonathan Goff and others around here would know much better than me. It was merely meant as a suggestion and possibility but for example the concept we&#039;ve been talking about here (or very closely related ones) seems like it should be interesting to anyone doing research and papers on fluid dynamics (and finding a thesis subject can be difficult).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My misunderstanding there. Just to be sure I&#8217;ve understood the concept is it aiming to stabilize the flow separation &#8220;pattern&#8221; inside the nozzle? I.e. limit the underpressure to one specific part of the nozzle thus establishing a region where inflow can mitigate the underpressure more easily? In a way related to the idea behind things like vortex generators only for the inside of a nozzle (but doing so from the outside)?</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know what a sponsored study would cost but I think a modest amount of funds could be useful and welcome as an additional incentive if the hardware costs aren&#8217;t too high. Jonathan Goff and others around here would know much better than me. It was merely meant as a suggestion and possibility but for example the concept we&#8217;ve been talking about here (or very closely related ones) seems like it should be interesting to anyone doing research and papers on fluid dynamics (and finding a thesis subject can be difficult).</p>
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		<title>By: john hare</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5827</link>
		<dc:creator>john hare</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 22:59:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5827</guid>
		<description>The air should be sucked into the nozzle by the lower pressure created by the overexpansion of the nozzle. If it works, it will work best as a static test article. By mach 1, it should be nearly worthless, as it can only access the boundary layer air that has been slowed to relatively low velocity.

It seems to me that a joint project might be beyond the time frames that interest me. If I can make this one attractive, many teams are able to fabricate and test it in a single weekend. This particular concept has the single strength that it can be validated or busted without changing the core hardware at all. 

I give this one less than 10% chance of working right on the first set of tries. I would put several other concepts much higher in probability though equally higher in time and material costs. A fast turnaround at minimum cost is my priority. 

How much would a sponsored acedemic study cost? For something as complex as the ejector/injector, it might be worth looking into.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The air should be sucked into the nozzle by the lower pressure created by the overexpansion of the nozzle. If it works, it will work best as a static test article. By mach 1, it should be nearly worthless, as it can only access the boundary layer air that has been slowed to relatively low velocity.</p>
<p>It seems to me that a joint project might be beyond the time frames that interest me. If I can make this one attractive, many teams are able to fabricate and test it in a single weekend. This particular concept has the single strength that it can be validated or busted without changing the core hardware at all. </p>
<p>I give this one less than 10% chance of working right on the first set of tries. I would put several other concepts much higher in probability though equally higher in time and material costs. A fast turnaround at minimum cost is my priority. </p>
<p>How much would a sponsored acedemic study cost? For something as complex as the ejector/injector, it might be worth looking into.</p>
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		<title>By: Habitat Hermit</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5822</link>
		<dc:creator>Habitat Hermit</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 14:44:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5822</guid>
		<description>I was thinking of how to test the concept (maybe on a tiny rocket sled) and I&#039;m wondering if I&#039;ve found a serious flaw. The idea might well work at speed (however drag might/should be an issue) but what about liftoff when there isn&#039;t any or much moving air to deflect into the nozzle? Doesn&#039;t for example booster rockets or a first stage defeat the purpose of the solution?

About small prizes (like for example the N-Prize which is small in most ways) and so on I wanted to air the idea that some of the concepts might be better off as joint projects (smaller than the Sugar Shot 2 Space project) or sponsored academic study (i.e. offer to sponsor them for engineers looking for thesis material).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was thinking of how to test the concept (maybe on a tiny rocket sled) and I&#8217;m wondering if I&#8217;ve found a serious flaw. The idea might well work at speed (however drag might/should be an issue) but what about liftoff when there isn&#8217;t any or much moving air to deflect into the nozzle? Doesn&#8217;t for example booster rockets or a first stage defeat the purpose of the solution?</p>
<p>About small prizes (like for example the N-Prize which is small in most ways) and so on I wanted to air the idea that some of the concepts might be better off as joint projects (smaller than the Sugar Shot 2 Space project) or sponsored academic study (i.e. offer to sponsor them for engineers looking for thesis material).</p>
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		<title>By: john hare</title>
		<link>http://selenianboondocks.com/2009/10/cheap-contest-series/comment-page-1/#comment-5813</link>
		<dc:creator>john hare</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://selenianboondocks.com/?p=1208#comment-5813</guid>
		<description>Tim,
I think CFD is a lot of work and shaky for poorly understood concepts like this, but I&#039;ll put up a hundred if somebody can confirm or bust it that way. 

Jsuros,
If a few of the ideas pan out and add value to the industry, then that would be a good idea. People moving forward in this business would probably find it worthwhile to contribute.

 At this time though, I wouldn&#039;t put my credibility high enough to ask others to send contributions my way. On the gripping hand, if there is an idea that somebody thinks feasible and useful, there is no reason they can&#039;t add a few bucks to the jackpot to be sent directly to the winner(s). If somebody wants to do that, they can suggest the format and concept for me to follow.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tim,<br />
I think CFD is a lot of work and shaky for poorly understood concepts like this, but I&#8217;ll put up a hundred if somebody can confirm or bust it that way. </p>
<p>Jsuros,<br />
If a few of the ideas pan out and add value to the industry, then that would be a good idea. People moving forward in this business would probably find it worthwhile to contribute.</p>
<p> At this time though, I wouldn&#8217;t put my credibility high enough to ask others to send contributions my way. On the gripping hand, if there is an idea that somebody thinks feasible and useful, there is no reason they can&#8217;t add a few bucks to the jackpot to be sent directly to the winner(s). If somebody wants to do that, they can suggest the format and concept for me to follow.</p>
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